Contrasting effects of vineyard type, soil and landscape factors on ground‐ versus above‐ground‐nesting bees

Abstract Agricultural intensification and abandonment of traditional agricultural practices are main drivers current insect declines. The resulting loss feeding nesting opportunities has led to a decrease in pollinator populations like wild bees. While the restoration floral resources been widely implemented bee conservation, resources, particularly for ground‐nesting species, barely considered. We assessed diversity wine‐growing area Germany 15 study sites along soil gradient evaluated whether bees were distinctly affected by different vineyard types (vertically oriented, terraced, abandoned), local conditions (e.g. shrub flower cover) landscape factors response divergent needs (above‐ground vs. ground‐nesting). found that responded more strongly availability than resources. determined suitability aspects irrespective management types, above‐ground‐nesting profited from encroachment fallows enhanced semi‐natural habitats (SNHs) surrounding landscape. In contrast, resource managed vineyards had only marginal effects on Synthesis applications : Life‐history traits strategies have long neglected conservation approaches, but proved be highly relevant, especially For this, agri‐environmental schemes can no longer solely focus should equally address Therefore, efforts enhancing landscapes aim at complementing exposed bare ground patches) woody elements, hedges) addition At level, conserving heterogeneous mixture actively elements is significant maintain diverse communities.